PSG has now won the prestigious trophy on fourteen separate times.
The Parisian giants needed a dramatic leveler followed by a perfect penalty shootout to get past their arch-rivals in the Gulf and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup victory.
The Champions League holders seemed to be coasting towards a comfortable win in the showdown featuring the Ligue 1 winners and the Coupe de France holders after Ousmane Dembele found the scoring in the opening stages.
Yet, Marseille struck twice in the closing moments to take a shock lead. Initially, the English forward converted from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking turn of events, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a crucial equaliser in the final moments to send the match into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then emerged as the hero, saving crucial attempts from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all scored successfully for PSG to seal a convincing penalty victory.
Now 14-time winners PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now won this competition for the 12th time in the past 13 seasons.